diff --git a/docs/decisions.md b/docs/decisions.md
index 53c9683..304c3ba 100644
--- a/docs/decisions.md
+++ b/docs/decisions.md
@@ -323,6 +323,30 @@ Format léger : une décision = un titre + contexte + choix + raison.
   même fichier SQLite (par défaut `<dataFolder>/crcore.db`) ; le préfixe
   isole proprement.
 
+## 2026-06-09 — Bascule Java 16 → Java 11 (révision)
+
+- **Révision** de la décision "Java 16" du 2026-06-08.
+- **Choix** : `maven.compiler.source/target = 11`. Le code se compile et
+  s'exécute sur tout JDK 11+.
+- **Raison** : Java 11 reste très répandu côté serveurs Bukkit/Paper 1.16.5,
+  et le coût de revenir en arrière est faible. On garde une cible plus
+  conservatrice pour maximiser la compatibilité d'exécution.
+- **Conséquences sur le code** :
+  - Les `record` (Java 16) → classes immutables manuelles, avec mêmes noms
+    d'accesseurs (`rank()`, `team()`, etc.) pour ne pas casser l'API
+    publique. Concerné : `TeamRanking`, `PlayerRanking`, plus deux tuples
+    internes (`TeamRow`, `MemberRow`) dans `SqliteTeamRepository`.
+  - Le **pattern matching `instanceof X x`** (Java 16) → classique
+    `instanceof X` + cast explicite. Concerné : `CommandContext.requirePlayer`,
+    `Database.normalize`.
+  - Les **switch expressions à flèche** (`case X -> ...`, Java 14) →
+    `switch (...) { case X: ...; break; }` classique, ou chaînes if/else.
+    Concerné : `BaseCommand.handleResult`, `ArgumentTypes.BOOLEAN.parse`,
+    `TeamScoreSubCommand.execute`.
+- **Ce qui reste utilisé de Java 11** : `var` (Java 10+), `List.of()` /
+  `Map.of()` (Java 9+), interfaces avec méthodes `default`, lambdas, method
+  references.
+
 ## 2026-06-09 — Enregistrement dynamique de la commande (plugin.yml optionnel)
 
 - **Choix** : `CRCore.registerCommand()` tente d'abord
diff --git a/docs/features.md b/docs/features.md
index f485566..d9878a5 100644
--- a/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/features.md
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Le service expose deux types de classements :
 | `getTopRankingByScore(name, n)` | Top N par score. |
 | `getTopGlobalRanking(n)` | Top N global. |
 
-Le résultat est une `List<TeamRanking>` (record Java 16) avec `rank` (1-based),
+Le résultat est une `List<TeamRanking>` (classe immutable, accesseurs `rank()`/`team()`/`score()`) avec `rank` (1-based),
 `team` et `score`. Tiebreaker : ordre alphabétique sur le nom de l'équipe
 (insensible à la casse).
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ les méthodes de scoring (`getScore`, `addScore`, `setScore`, `resetScore`,
 
 ### `PlayerRanking`
 
-Record Java 16 : `record PlayerRanking(int rank, PlayerProfile profile, int score)`.
+Classe immutable : `PlayerRanking(int rank, PlayerProfile profile, int score)` avec accesseurs `rank()`/`profile()`/`score()`.
 Mêmes règles que `TeamRanking` (rank 1-based, tri descendant, tiebreaker par
 UUID pour rester déterministe).
 
diff --git a/docs/setup.md b/docs/setup.md
index b2ce415..ef2a023 100644
--- a/docs/setup.md
+++ b/docs/setup.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 - **Type** : librairie Java (`jar`) — pas un plugin Bukkit
 - **artifactId Maven** : `CR-Core`
-- **Build** : Maven, Java 16
+- **Build** : Maven, Java 11
 - **API serveur (provided)** : Paper 1.16.5
 - **SQLite (compile)** : `org.xerial:sqlite-jdbc:3.45.3.0`
 - **Package racine** : `fr.luc.crcore`
diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index 1fe7164..81b9cb5 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -13,8 +13,13 @@
     <description>Reusable core library for CR Minecraft game plugins (teams, players, scores, commands, events, SQLite persistence).</description>
 
     <properties>
-        <maven.compiler.source>16</maven.compiler.source>
-        <maven.compiler.target>16</maven.compiler.target>
+        <!--
+            On utilise <release> plutôt que <source>+<target> pour garantir
+            que les références à des API ne sont pas accidentellement plus
+            récentes que Java 11 (ex. List.copyOf en Java 10+ : OK ;
+            Stream.toList en Java 16+ : refusé par javac).
+        -->
+        <maven.compiler.release>11</maven.compiler.release>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <sqlite.version>3.45.3.0</sqlite.version>
     </properties>
@@ -83,8 +88,7 @@
                 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                 <version>3.11.0</version>
                 <configuration>
-                    <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
-                    <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
+                    <release>${maven.compiler.release}</release>
                 </configuration>
             </plugin>
 
@@ -121,7 +125,7 @@
                 <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
                 <version>3.6.3</version>
                 <configuration>
-                    <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
+                    <source>${maven.compiler.release}</source>
                     <doclint>none</doclint>
                     <quiet>true</quiet>
                     <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/ArgumentTypes.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/ArgumentTypes.java
index 965e650..11a88be 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/ArgumentTypes.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/ArgumentTypes.java
@@ -46,11 +46,14 @@ public final class ArgumentTypes {
     public static final ArgumentType<Boolean> BOOLEAN = new ArgumentType<>() {
         @Override
         public Boolean parse(String input) {
-            return switch (input.toLowerCase()) {
-                case "true", "yes", "y", "1", "on" -> true;
-                case "false", "no", "n", "0", "off" -> false;
-                default -> throw new CommandException("Invalid boolean: " + input);
-            };
+            String lc = input.toLowerCase();
+            if (lc.equals("true") || lc.equals("yes") || lc.equals("y") || lc.equals("1") || lc.equals("on")) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (lc.equals("false") || lc.equals("no") || lc.equals("n") || lc.equals("0") || lc.equals("off")) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            throw new CommandException("Invalid boolean: " + input);
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/BaseCommand.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/BaseCommand.java
index ff94e72..4146460 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/BaseCommand.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/BaseCommand.java
@@ -48,17 +48,25 @@ public abstract class BaseCommand extends AbstractCommand
      */
     protected void handleResult(CommandSender sender, CommandResult result) {
         switch (result.getType()) {
-            case SUCCESS -> {
+            case SUCCESS:
                 if (result.getMessage() != null) {
                     sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.GREEN + result.getMessage());
                 }
-            }
-            case FAILURE -> sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED +
-                    (result.getMessage() != null ? result.getMessage() : "Command failed."));
-            case INVALID_USAGE -> sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED +
-                    (result.getMessage() != null ? result.getMessage() : "Invalid usage."));
-            case NO_PERMISSION -> sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED + "Vous n'avez pas la permission.");
-            case PLAYER_ONLY -> sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED + "Seul un joueur peut utiliser cette commande.");
+                break;
+            case FAILURE:
+                sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED +
+                        (result.getMessage() != null ? result.getMessage() : "Command failed."));
+                break;
+            case INVALID_USAGE:
+                sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED +
+                        (result.getMessage() != null ? result.getMessage() : "Invalid usage."));
+                break;
+            case NO_PERMISSION:
+                sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED + "Vous n'avez pas la permission.");
+                break;
+            case PLAYER_ONLY:
+                sender.sendMessage(ChatColor.RED + "Seul un joueur peut utiliser cette commande.");
+                break;
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/CommandContext.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/CommandContext.java
index 7ac7dfa..7fb65a7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/CommandContext.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/CommandContext.java
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ public class CommandContext {
     }
 
     public Player requirePlayer() {
-        if (!(sender instanceof Player player)) {
+        if (!(sender instanceof Player)) {
             throw new CommandException("This command can only be used by a player.");
         }
-        return player;
+        return (Player) sender;
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/builtin/team/TeamScoreSubCommand.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/builtin/team/TeamScoreSubCommand.java
index 7b5d956..8336f1e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/builtin/team/TeamScoreSubCommand.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/command/builtin/team/TeamScoreSubCommand.java
@@ -40,11 +40,14 @@ public class TeamScoreSubCommand extends SubCommand {
         String op = ctx.get("op");
         int value = ctx.get("value");
 
-        int result = switch (op) {
-            case "add" -> service.addScore(team.getId(), name, value);
-            case "set" -> service.setScore(team.getId(), name, value);
-            default -> throw new IllegalStateException("unreachable: " + op);
-        };
+        int result;
+        if ("add".equals(op)) {
+            result = service.addScore(team.getId(), name, value);
+        } else if ("set".equals(op)) {
+            result = service.setScore(team.getId(), name, value);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("unreachable: " + op);
+        }
         return CommandResult.success("Score " + name + " de " + team.getName() + " = " + result);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/database/Database.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/database/Database.java
index 456f356..f057d6a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/database/Database.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/database/Database.java
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ public class Database implements AutoCloseable {
     /** Convertit les valeurs Java non-natives SQL en types utilisables par JDBC. */
     private static Object normalize(Object value) {
         if (value == null) return null;
-        if (value instanceof UUID uuid) return uuid.toString();
-        if (value instanceof Enum<?> e) return e.name();
-        if (value instanceof Boolean b) return b ? 1 : 0;
+        if (value instanceof UUID) return value.toString();
+        if (value instanceof Enum<?>) return ((Enum<?>) value).name();
+        if (value instanceof Boolean) return ((Boolean) value) ? 1 : 0;
         return value;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/player/PlayerRanking.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/player/PlayerRanking.java
index 01e0e23..a89129f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/player/PlayerRanking.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/player/PlayerRanking.java
@@ -2,12 +2,56 @@ package fr.luc.crcore.player;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
-public record PlayerRanking(int rank, PlayerProfile profile, int score) {
+/**
+ * Entrée d'un classement de joueurs : rang (1-based), profil, score effectif
+ * sur le critère trié.
+ *
+ * <p>Classe immutable. Volontairement écrite "à la main" plutôt qu'en
+ * {@code record} (Java 16+) pour rester compatible Java 11.
+ */
+public final class PlayerRanking {
 
-    public PlayerRanking {
+    private final int rank;
+    private final PlayerProfile profile;
+    private final int score;
+
+    public PlayerRanking(int rank, PlayerProfile profile, int score) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(profile, "profile");
         if (rank < 1) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("rank must be >= 1, got " + rank);
         }
+        this.rank = rank;
+        this.profile = profile;
+        this.score = score;
+    }
+
+    public int rank() {
+        return rank;
+    }
+
+    public PlayerProfile profile() {
+        return profile;
+    }
+
+    public int score() {
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) return true;
+        if (!(other instanceof PlayerRanking)) return false;
+        PlayerRanking that = (PlayerRanking) other;
+        return rank == that.rank && score == that.score && profile.equals(that.profile);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(rank, profile, score);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "PlayerRanking[rank=" + rank + ", playerId=" + profile.getId() + ", score=" + score + "]";
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/SqliteTeamRepository.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/SqliteTeamRepository.java
index 0f7093f..0359003 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/SqliteTeamRepository.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/SqliteTeamRepository.java
@@ -197,13 +197,49 @@ public class SqliteTeamRepository extends InMemoryTeamRepository {
         );
     }
 
-    // Tuples internes pour le load.
-    private record TeamRow(
-            UUID id, String name, String tag, TeamColor color,
-            UUID leaderId, TeamVisibility visibility,
-            String spawnWorld, Double spawnX, Double spawnY, Double spawnZ,
-            Float spawnYaw, Float spawnPitch
-    ) {}
+    // Tuples internes pour le load. Classes immutables manuelles (Java 11 compat).
+    private static final class TeamRow {
+        final UUID id;
+        final String name;
+        final String tag;
+        final TeamColor color;
+        final UUID leaderId;
+        final TeamVisibility visibility;
+        final String spawnWorld;
+        final Double spawnX;
+        final Double spawnY;
+        final Double spawnZ;
+        final Float spawnYaw;
+        final Float spawnPitch;
 
-    private record MemberRow(UUID playerId, TeamRole role, Instant joinedAt) {}
+        TeamRow(UUID id, String name, String tag, TeamColor color,
+                UUID leaderId, TeamVisibility visibility,
+                String spawnWorld, Double spawnX, Double spawnY, Double spawnZ,
+                Float spawnYaw, Float spawnPitch) {
+            this.id = id;
+            this.name = name;
+            this.tag = tag;
+            this.color = color;
+            this.leaderId = leaderId;
+            this.visibility = visibility;
+            this.spawnWorld = spawnWorld;
+            this.spawnX = spawnX;
+            this.spawnY = spawnY;
+            this.spawnZ = spawnZ;
+            this.spawnYaw = spawnYaw;
+            this.spawnPitch = spawnPitch;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class MemberRow {
+        final UUID playerId;
+        final TeamRole role;
+        final Instant joinedAt;
+
+        MemberRow(UUID playerId, TeamRole role, Instant joinedAt) {
+            this.playerId = playerId;
+            this.role = role;
+            this.joinedAt = joinedAt;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/TeamRanking.java b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/TeamRanking.java
index 85a2884..5a250bf 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/TeamRanking.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/luc/crcore/team/TeamRanking.java
@@ -2,12 +2,56 @@ package fr.luc.crcore.team;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
-public record TeamRanking(int rank, Team team, int score) {
+/**
+ * Entrée d'un classement d'équipes : rang (1-based), équipe, score effectif
+ * sur le critère trié.
+ *
+ * <p>Classe immutable. Volontairement écrite "à la main" plutôt qu'en
+ * {@code record} (Java 16+) pour rester compatible Java 11.
+ */
+public final class TeamRanking {
 
-    public TeamRanking {
+    private final int rank;
+    private final Team team;
+    private final int score;
+
+    public TeamRanking(int rank, Team team, int score) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(team, "team");
         if (rank < 1) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("rank must be >= 1, got " + rank);
         }
+        this.rank = rank;
+        this.team = team;
+        this.score = score;
+    }
+
+    public int rank() {
+        return rank;
+    }
+
+    public Team team() {
+        return team;
+    }
+
+    public int score() {
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) return true;
+        if (!(other instanceof TeamRanking)) return false;
+        TeamRanking that = (TeamRanking) other;
+        return rank == that.rank && score == that.score && team.equals(that.team);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(rank, team, score);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "TeamRanking[rank=" + rank + ", team=" + team.getName() + ", score=" + score + "]";
     }
 }